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| タイトル | ： 第七回 |
| 投稿日 | ： 2003/11/01(Sat) 10:34 |
| 投稿者 | ： 惣田正明 <vem13077@> |
第七回テキスト
---はじめ---
The second title, "Concerning Justice," is not the one by
which the Republic is quoted, either by Aristotle or
generally in antiquity, and, like the other second titles of
the Platonic Dialogues, may therefore be assumed to be of
later date. Morgenstern and others have asked whether the
definition of justice, which is the professed aim, or the
construction of the State is the principal argument of the
work. The answer is, that the two blend in one, and are two
faces of the same truth; for justice is the order of the
State, and the State is the visible embodiment of justice
under the conditions of human society. The one is the soul
and the other is the body, and the Greek ideal of the State,
as of the individual, is a fair mind in a fair body. In
Hegelian phraseology the State is the reality of which
justice is the ideal. Or, described in Christian language,
the kingdom of God is within, and yet develops into a Church
or external kingdom; "the house not made with hands, eternal
in the heavens," is reduced to the proportions of an earthly
building. Or, to use a Platonic image, justice and the State
are the warp and the woof which run through the whole
texture. And when the constitution of the State is completed,
the conception of justice is not dismissed, but reappears
under the same or different names throughout the work, both
as the inner law of the individual soul, and finally as the
principle of rewards and punishments in another life. The
virtues are based on justice, of which common honesty in
buying and selling is the shadow, and justice is based on the
idea of good, which is the harmony of the world, and is
reflected both in the institutions of States and in motions
of the heavenly bodies. The Timaeus, which takes up the
political rather than the ethical side of the Republic, and
is chiefly occupied with hypotheses concerning the outward
world, yet contains many indications that the same law is
supposed to reign over the State, over nature, and over man.
---終わり---