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タイトル第18回
記事No36
投稿日: 2004/01/25(Sun) 15:20
投稿者惣田正明   <vem13077@nifty.ne.jp>
第18回テキスト

---はじめ---

 Plato is most true to the character of his master when he
describes him as "not of this world." And with this
representation of him the ideal State and the other paradoxes
of the Republic are quite in accordance, though they can not
be shown to have been speculations of Socrates. To him, as to
other great teachers both philosophical and religious, when
they looked upward, the world seemed to be the embodiment of
error and evil. The common sense of mankind has revolted
against this view, or has only partially admitted it. And
even in Socrates himself the sterner judgment of the
multitude at times passes into a sort of ironical pity or
love. Men in general are incapable of philosophy, and are
therefore at enmity with the philosopher; but their
misunderstanding of him is unavoidable: for they have never
seen him as he truly is in his own image; they are only
acquainted with artificial systems possessing no native force
of truth --words which admit of many applications. Their
leaders have nothing to measure with, and are therefore
ignorant of their own stature. But they are to be pitied or
laughed at, not to be quarrelled with; they mean well with
their nostrums, if they could only learn that they are
cutting off a Hydra's head. This moderation towards those who
are in error is one of the most characteristic features of
Socrates in the Republic. In all the different
representations of Socrates, whether of Xenophon or Plato,
and the differences of the earlier or later Dialogues, he
always retains the character of the unwearied and
disinterested seeker after truth, without which he would have
ceased to be Socrates.

Leaving the characters we may now analyze the contents of the
Republic, and then proceed to consider (1) The general
aspects of this Hellenic ideal of the State, (2) The modern
lights in which the thoughts of Plato may be read.

---終わり---

タイトルRe: 第18回
記事No37
投稿日: 2004/01/31(Sat) 15:13
投稿者惣田正明   <vem13077@nifty.ne.jp>
> 第18回テキスト
>
> ---はじめ---
>
>  Plato is most true to the character of his master when he
> describes him as "not of this world."

 プラトンが、「この世界のものでない」ものとして彼の師を描くとき、彼の
師はその真実に最も近い。

> And with this
> representation of him the ideal State and the other paradoxes
> of the Republic are quite in accordance, though they can not
> be shown to have been speculations of Socrates.

 そして、彼のこの描写では、「国家」の理想的な国家と他のパラドクスとは
まったく一致している。それらがソクラテスの思索であったとは示すことはで
きないのだけれど。

> To him, as to
> other great teachers both philosophical and religious, when
> they looked upward, the world seemed to be the embodiment of
> error and evil.

 彼にとっては、他の哲学や宗教の偉大な教師に関していうと、彼らが上を見
上げたとき、世界は誤謬や邪悪の化身であるように思われた。

> The common sense of mankind has revolted
> against this view, or has only partially admitted it.

 人類の共通の常識は、この見解に反抗してきたか、あるいは、それを部分的
に認めただけであった。

> And
> even in Socrates himself the sterner judgment of the
> multitude at times passes into a sort of ironical pity or
> love.

 そしてソクラテス自身においてさえ、群衆についてのより厳格な判断は、
ときに一種のアイロニカルな憐れみあるいは愛になっている。

> Men in general are incapable of philosophy, and are
> therefore at enmity with the philosopher; but their
> misunderstanding of him is unavoidable: for they have never
> seen him as he truly is in his own image; they are only
> acquainted with artificial systems possessing no native force
> of truth --words which admit of many applications.

 全般に、人は哲学が理解できない。故に、哲学者に敵意を抱いている。しか
し、彼らの哲学者に対する誤解は、避けられないものである。なぜなら、彼ら
は、哲学者をその哲学者のイメージの中で真にあるようには決して見ないから。
彼らは、ただ単に真実の本来の力--多くの応用の余地のある言葉--を持たない
うわべだけの体系しか知らない。

> Their
> leaders have nothing to measure with, and are therefore
> ignorant of their own stature.

 彼らの指導者たちは、評価するものを何も持っていない。それで、彼ら自身
の(真の)身の丈を知らない。

> But they are to be pitied or
> laughed at, not to be quarrelled with; they mean well with
> their nostrums, if they could only learn that they are
> cutting off a Hydra's head.

 しかし、彼らは哀れみられ笑われるべきであるが、争われるべきではない。
彼らがヒュドラの頭を切り落としているということをただ学び知ることができ
れば、彼らはその解決策を十分語っていることになる。

> This moderation towards those who
> are in error is one of the most characteristic features of
> Socrates in the Republic.

 この誤りの中にいる人々への温和な態度は、「国家」の中のソクラテスの最
も特徴的なものの一つである。

> In all the different
> representations of Socrates, whether of Xenophon or Plato,
> and the differences of the earlier or later Dialogues, he
> always retains the character of the unwearied and
> disinterested seeker after truth, without which he would have
> ceased to be Socrates.

 クセノポンのであれプラトンのであれ、ソクラテスの描写のあらゆる違い、
また、初期と後期の対話編での違いにおいても、彼は、常に真実への私利私欲
のない飽くなき探究者としての性格を保持している。それがなければ、彼はソ
クラテスであることをやめてしまっていただろう。


> Leaving the characters we may now analyze the contents of the
> Republic, and then proceed to consider (1) The general
> aspects of this Hellenic ideal of the State, (2) The modern
> lights in which the thoughts of Plato may be read.

 これまで私たちが「国家」の内容を分析してきた特徴はこれぐらいにして、
今度は、(1)このギリシアの国家の理想の全般的様相と(2)プラトンの思想が読
まれるべき現代の光について考えを進めよう。

> ---終わり---