[リストへもどる]
一括表示
タイトル第16回
記事No32
投稿日: 2004/01/04(Sun) 13:59
投稿者惣田正明   <vem13077@nifty.ne.jp>
第16回テキスト

---はじめ---

Thus in a succession of characters Plato represents the
successive stages of morality, beginning with the Athenian
gentleman of the olden time, who is followed by the practical
man of that day regulating his life by proverbs and saws; to
him succeeds the wild generalization of the Sophists, and
lastly come the young disciples of the great teacher, who
know the sophistical arguments but will not be convinced by
them, and desire to go deeper into the nature of things.
These too, like Cephalus, Polemarchus, Thrasymachus, are
clearly distinguished from one another. Neither in the
Republic, nor in any other Dialogue of Plato, is a single
character repeated.

The delineation of Socrates in the Republic is not wholly
consistent. In the first book we have more of the real
Socrates, such as he is depicted in the Memorabilia of
Xenophon, in the earliest Dialogues of Plato, and in the
Apology. He is ironical, provoking, questioning, the old
enemy of the Sophists, ready to put on the mask of Silenus as
well as to argue seriously. But in the sixth book his enmity
towards the Sophists abates; he acknowledges that they are
the representatives rather than the corrupters of the world.
He also becomes more dogmatic and constructive, passing
beyond the range either of the political or the speculative
ideas of the real Socrates. In one passage Plato himself
seems to intimate that the time had now come for Socrates,
who had passed his whole life in philosophy, to give his own
opinion and not to be always repeating the notions of other
men. There is no evidence that either the idea of good or the
conception of a perfect State were comprehended in the
Socratic teaching, though he certainly dwelt on the nature of
the universal and of final causes (cp. Xen. Mem. i. 4; Phaedo
97); and a deep thinker like him in his thirty or forty years
of public teaching, could hardly have falled to touch on the
nature of family relations, for which there is also some
positive evidence in the Memorabilia (Mem. i. 2, 51 foll.)
The Socratic method is nominally retained; and every
inference is either put into the mouth of the respondent or
represented as the common discovery of him and Socrates. But
any one can see that this is a mere form, of which the
affectation grows wearisome as the work advances. The method
of inquiry has passed into a method of teaching in which by
the help of interlocutors the same thesis is looked at from
various points of view.

---終わり---

タイトルRe: 第16回
記事No33
投稿日: 2004/01/17(Sat) 11:25
投稿者惣田正明   <vem13077@nifty.ne.jp>
> 第16回テキスト
>
> ---はじめ---
>
> Thus in a succession of characters Plato represents the
> successive stages of morality,

 このように、一連の登場人物の中に、プラトンは一連の道徳の段階を提示し
ている。

> beginning with the Athenian
> gentleman of the olden time, who is followed by the practical
> man of that day regulating his life by proverbs and saws;

 古い時代のアテネの貴族から始まりことわざや格言で人生を規定した実務的
な人がそれに続く。

> to
> him succeeds the wild generalization of the Sophists, and
> lastly come the young disciples of the great teacher, who
> know the sophistical arguments but will not be convinced by
> them, and desire to go deeper into the nature of things.

 かれに続いて、ソフィストたちの野性的な世代が続く。そして最後には偉大
なる師の若い弟子たちがくる。彼らは、ソフィストの議論を知っているが、
彼らに説得されることはなくものの性質を一層深く究めようと欲している。

> These too, like Cephalus, Polemarchus, Thrasymachus, are
> clearly distinguished from one another.

 これらの人々も、ケパルス、ポレマルコス、トラシュマコスのように、明ら
かにお互いが区別される。

> Neither in the
> Republic, nor in any other Dialogue of Plato, is a single
> character repeated.

 「国家」にも他のプラトンの対話編にも、単一の登場人物が繰り返されるこ
とはない。


> The delineation of Socrates in the Republic is not wholly
> consistent.

 「国家」のソクラテスの描写は、完全には首尾一貫していない。

> In the first book we have more of the real
> Socrates, such as he is depicted in the Memorabilia of
> Xenophon, in the earliest Dialogues of Plato, and in the
> Apology.

 第1書では、私たちは、クセノポンのメモラビリアやプラトンの初期の対話
編、弁明に描かれているように、現実のソクラテスの姿を多く見る。

> He is ironical, provoking, questioning, the old
> enemy of the Sophists, ready to put on the mask of Silenus as
> well as to argue seriously.

 彼は、皮相的で挑発的、質問魔でソフィストの敵であり、進んで真剣に議論
するだけでなくシレノスの仮面をかぶる人でもある。

> But in the sixth book his enmity
> towards the Sophists abates; he acknowledges that they are
> the representatives rather than the corrupters of the world.

 しかし、第6書では、彼のソフィストへの敵意が現れている。彼は、彼らは
世界の堕落させる人と言うよりむしろ世界を代表する者であることを認めてい
る。

> He also becomes more dogmatic and constructive, passing
> beyond the range either of the political or the speculative
> ideas of the real Socrates.

 彼は、また、現実のソクラテスの政治的あるいは思弁的な思想の領域を越え
ることでよりドグマ的建設的になっていく。

> In one passage Plato himself
> seems to intimate that the time had now come for Socrates,
> who had passed his whole life in philosophy, to give his own
> opinion and not to be always repeating the notions of other
> men.

 ある一節では、プラトン自身が、時代は、今や哲学でその全生涯を送ったソ
クラテスが、他の人たちの概念を常に繰り返すのではなく、自分自身の意見を
述べるようになったのだと告白しているように思える。

> There is no evidence that either the idea of good or the
> conception of a perfect State were comprehended in the
> Socratic teaching, though he certainly dwelt on the nature of
> the universal and of final causes (cp. Xen. Mem. i. 4; Phaedo
> 97);

 善のイデアあるいは完全な国家の概念のいずれも、ソクラテスの教えでは理
解されなかった。彼は、確かに、普遍と最終原因との性質について思案したの
だけれど。

> and a deep thinker like him in his thirty or forty years
> of public teaching, could hardly have falled to touch on the
> nature of family relations, for which there is also some
> positive evidence in the Memorabilia (Mem. i. 2, 51 foll.)

 そして、公で30年40年教える中で、彼のような深い思想家は、ほとんど
家族関係の性質に触れることはなかった。メモラビリアの中に、またその肯定
的な証拠がある。

> The Socratic method is nominally retained; and every
> inference is either put into the mouth of the respondent or
> represented as the common discovery of him and Socrates.

 ソクラテスの方法は、名目上は保持された。そしてあらゆる推論が、応答者
の口の中に入れられたか、あるいは彼とソクラテスとの共通の発見として提示
されているかしている。

> But
> any one can see that this is a mere form, of which the
> affectation grows wearisome as the work advances.

 しかし、これは単なる形式であって、その見かけは作品が進むにつれて退屈
なものになっていくのが、誰でも見て取れる。

> The method
> of inquiry has passed into a method of teaching in which by
> the help of interlocutors the same thesis is looked at from
> various points of view.

 探究の方法は、対話者の助けを借りて、同じ命題が様々な観点からみられる
という教えの方法に移っている。

> ---終わり---

タイトルイヤラシイ
記事No88
投稿日: 2012/09/30(Sun) 04:35
投稿者彩華
参照先http://sns.l7i7.com
静香で検索してください(/∀\*))→ http://you.ktjg.net