[リストへもどる]
一括表示
タイトル第11回
記事No22
投稿日: 2003/11/29(Sat) 12:47
投稿者惣田正明   <vem13077@nifty.ne.jp>
第11回テキスト

---はじめ---

Characters

The principal characters in the Republic are Cephalus,
Polemarchus, Thrasymachus, Socrates, Glaucon, and Adeimantus.
Cephalus appears in the introduction only, Polemarchus drops
at the end of the first argument, and Thrasymachus is reduced
to silence at the close of the first book. The main
discussion is carried on by Socrates, Glaucon, and
Adeimantus. Among the company are Lysias (the orator) and
Euthydemus, the sons of Cephalus and brothers of Polemarchus,
an unknown Charmantides --these are mute auditors; also there
is Cleitophon, who once interrupts, where, as in the Dialogue
which bears his name, he appears as the friend and ally of
Thrasymachus.

Cephalus, the patriarch of house, has been appropriately
engaged in offering a sacrifice. He is the pattern of an old
man who has almost done with life, and is at peace with
himself and with all mankind. He feels that he is drawing
nearer to the world below, and seems to linger around the
memory of the past. He is eager that Socrates should come to
visit him, fond of the poetry of the last generation, happy
in the consciousness of a well-spent life, glad at having
escaped from the tyranny of youthful lusts. His love of
conversation, his affection, his indifference to riches, even
his garrulity, are interesting traits of character. He is not
one of those who have nothing to say, because their whole
mind has been absorbed in making money. Yet he acknowledges
that riches have the advantage of placing men above the
temptation to dishonesty or falsehood. The respectful
attention shown to him by Socrates, whose love of
conversation, no less than the mission imposed upon him by
the Oracle, leads him to ask questions of all men, young and
old alike, should also be noted. Who better suited to raise
the question of justice than Cephalus, whose life might seem
to be the expression of it? The moderation with which old age
is pictured by Cephalus as a very tolerable portion of
existence is characteristic, not only of him, but of Greek
feeling generally, and contrasts with the exaggeration of
Cicero in the De Senectute. The evening of life is described
by Plato in the most expressive manner, yet with the fewest
possible touches. As Cicero remarks (Ep. ad Attic. iv. 16),
the aged Cephalus would have been out of place in the
discussion which follows, and which he could neither have
understood nor taken part in without a violation of dramatic
propriety.

---終わり---

タイトルRe: 第11回
記事No23
投稿日: 2003/12/06(Sat) 17:16
投稿者惣田正明   <vem13077@nifty.ne.jp>
> 第11回テキスト
>
> ---はじめ---
>
> Characters

 登場人物

> The principal characters in the Republic are Cephalus,
> Polemarchus, Thrasymachus, Socrates, Glaucon, and Adeimantus.

 「国家」の主な登場人物は、ケパロス、ポレマルコス、トラシュマコス、
ソクラテス、グラウコンそしてアデイマントスである。

> Cephalus appears in the introduction only, Polemarchus drops
> at the end of the first argument, and Thrasymachus is reduced
> to silence at the close of the first book.

 ケパロスは、導入部だけに現れ、最初の議論の終わりにポレマルコスが立ち
寄る。そして、トラシュマコスが、第1書の終わりには沈黙する。

> The main
> discussion is carried on by Socrates, Glaucon, and
> Adeimantus.

 主な議論は、ソクラテス、グラウコンとアデイマントスによってなされる。

> Among the company are Lysias (the orator) and
> Euthydemus, the sons of Cephalus and brothers of Polemarchus,
> an unknown Charmantides --these are mute auditors; also there
> is Cleitophon, who once interrupts, where, as in the Dialogue
> which bears his name, he appears as the friend and ally of
> Thrasymachus.

 一行の中に、リュシアス(雄弁家)とケパロスの息子でポレマルコスの兄弟
であるエウトュデモス、知られていないカルマンティデス--これらの人は発言
しない聞き手である--がいる。また、クレイトポンもいる。彼は、一度中断す
るが、そこでは、彼の名を有した対話編でのように、トラシュマコスの友人、
盟友として現れている。


> Cephalus, the patriarch of house, has been appropriately
> engaged in offering a sacrifice.

 ケパロスは、家の族長で、もっぱら犠牲を捧げる仕事に従事してきた。

> He is the pattern of an old
> man who has almost done with life, and is at peace with
> himself and with all mankind.

 彼は、古い方の人間であり、ほとんど人生を終え、自らともあらゆる人類と
も平和を保っている。

> He feels that he is drawing
> nearer to the world below, and seems to linger around the
> memory of the past.

 彼は、下界(冥界)に近づいていると感じており、過去の記憶の中を徘徊し
ているように思える。

> He is eager that Socrates should come to
> visit him, fond of the poetry of the last generation, happy
> in the consciousness of a well-spent life, glad at having
> escaped from the tyranny of youthful lusts.

 彼は、ソクラテスが自分の家に来てくれるよう熱望しており、前の世代の詩
を好み、十分に人生を生きた意識で満足し、若い時の欲望の暴君から逃れたて
しまったことを嬉しく思っている。

> His love of
> conversation, his affection, his indifference to riches, even
> his garrulity, are interesting traits of character.

 彼の対話が大好きなこと、彼の愛情、富への無関心、彼の饒舌ささえ、その
登場人物の面白い特徴である。

> He is not
> one of those who have nothing to say, because their whole
> mind has been absorbed in making money.

 彼は、何も言うべきことが何もないそうした人達の一人ではない。なぜなら、
彼らの気持ち全体がお金を稼ぐことに夢中になっているから。

> Yet he acknowledges
> that riches have the advantage of placing men above the
> temptation to dishonesty or falsehood.

 しかし、彼は、富は、不正直や虚偽への誘惑から人を遠ざける利点のあるこ
とを認めている。

> The respectful
> attention shown to him by Socrates, whose love of
> conversation, no less than the mission imposed upon him by
> the Oracle, leads him to ask questions of all men, young and
> old alike, should also be noted.

 ソクラテス、彼の対話を愛する気持ちは神託によって彼に課せられた使命同
様、彼を老いも若きもあらゆる人に問を発するよう導いたのだが、彼によって
彼に示された丁寧な注意も注目されるべきである。

> Who better suited to raise
> the question of justice than Cephalus, whose life might seem
> to be the expression of it?

 その人生が正義の表現であるように思われるケパロスより正義の問を発する
に相応しい人が誰かいるだろうか。

> The moderation with which old age
> is pictured by Cephalus as a very tolerable portion of
> existence is characteristic, not only of him, but of Greek
> feeling generally, and contrasts with the exaggeration of
> Cicero in the De Senectute.

 古い時代がその存在が許容できる部分として、ケパロスによって描かれたそ
の節制は、彼に関してだけでなく、全般にギリシア人の感情に特徴的なもので
あり、「老年について」の中でキケロによって誇張されて書かれていることと
は対照的である。

> The evening of life is described
> by Plato in the most expressive manner, yet with the fewest
> possible touches.

 人生の終わりは、プラトンによって、最も表現豊かに、しかし可能な限り感
情を抑えて描写されている。

> As Cicero remarks (Ep. ad Attic. iv. 16),
> the aged Cephalus would have been out of place in the
> discussion which follows, and which he could neither have
> understood nor taken part in without a violation of dramatic
> propriety.

 キケロが述べているように(Ep. ad Attic. iv. 16)、年老いたケパロスは、
続く議論では場から遠のき、劇的な礼儀違反でも犯さなければ、理解すること
も参加することもできなかっただろう。

> ---終わり---