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タイトル第九回
記事No18
投稿日: 2003/11/15(Sat) 12:25
投稿者惣田正明   <vem13077@nifty.ne.jp>
第九回テキスト

---はじめ---

Is not the Republic the vehicle of three or four great truths
which, to Plato's own mind, are most naturally represented in
the form of the State? Just as in the Jewish prophets the
reign of Messiah, or "the day of the Lord," or the suffering
Servant or people of God, or the "Sun of righteousness with
healing in his wings" only convey, to us at least, their
great spiritual ideals, so through the Greek State Plato
reveals to us his own thoughts about divine perfection, which
is the idea of good --like the sun in the visible world; --
about human perfection, which is justice --about education
beginning in youth and continuing in later years --about
poets and sophists and tyrants who are the false teachers and
evil rulers of mankind --about "the world" which is the
embodiment of them --about a kingdom which exists nowhere
upon earth but is laid up in heaven to be the pattern and
rule of human life. No such inspired creation is at unity
with itself, any more than the clouds of heaven when the sun
pierces through them. Every shade of light and dark, of
truth, and of fiction which is the veil of truth, is
allowable in a work of philosophical imagination. It is not
all on the same plane; it easily passes from ideas to myths
and fancies, from facts to figures of speech. It is not prose
but poetry, at least a great part of it, and ought not to be
judged by the rules of logic or the probabilities of history.
The writer is not fashioning his ideas into an artistic
whole; they take possession of him and are too much for him.
We have no need therefore to discuss whether a State such as
Plato has conceived is practicable or not, or whether the
outward form or the inward life came first into the mind of
the writer. For the practicability of his ideas has nothing
to do with their truth; and the highest thoughts to which he
attains may be truly said to bear the greatest "marks of
design" --justice more than the external frame-work of the
State, the idea of good more than justice. The great science
of dialectic or the organization of ideas has no real
content; but is only a type of the method or spirit in which
the higher knowledge is to be pursued by the spectator of all
time and all existence. It is in the fifth, sixth, and
seventh books that Plato reaches the "summit of speculation,"
and these, although they fail to satisfy the requirements of
a modern thinker, may therefore be regarded as the most
important, as they are also the most original, portions of
the work.

---終わり---

タイトルRe: 第九回
記事No19
投稿日: 2003/11/22(Sat) 11:01
投稿者惣田正明   <vem13077@nifty.ne.jp>
> 第九回テキスト
>
> ---はじめ---
>
> Is not the Republic the vehicle of three or four great truths
> which, to Plato's own mind, are most naturally represented in
> the form of the State?

 「国家」は、国家の形態で、プラトン自身の精神には極めて自然に表現され
た3,4の偉大な真実を伝えるものではないのか。

> Just as in the Jewish prophets the
> reign of Messiah, or "the day of the Lord," or the suffering
> Servant or people of God, or the "Sun of righteousness with
> healing in his wings" only convey, to us at least, their
> great spiritual ideals,

 ちょうど、ユダヤの預言者たちにおいて、メシアの統治、すなわち「主の日」、
あるいは苦難の僕すなわち神の民、あるいは「彼の翼で癒す正義の太陽」だけ
が、少なくとも私たちに、彼らの偉大な精神の理想を伝えるように、

> so through the Greek State Plato
> reveals to us his own thoughts about divine perfection, which
> is the idea of good --like the sun in the visible world; --
> about human perfection, which is justice --about education
> beginning in youth and continuing in later years --about
> poets and sophists and tyrants who are the false teachers and
> evil rulers of mankind --about "the world" which is the
> embodiment of them --about a kingdom which exists nowhere
> upon earth but is laid up in heaven to be the pattern and
> rule of human life.

 ギリシアの国家を通じて、プラトンが、善のイデア--目に見える世界の太陽
のような--である神の完全さについて、正義である人間の完全さについて--
幼年から始まり後の時代にまで続く教育について--偽りの教師である詩人やソ
フィストや僭主たち、また人類の邪悪な支配者たちについて--彼らの具体化さ
れた「世界」について--地球上にはどこにも存在しないが天上に人間生活の模
範、規範として留められた王国について、私たちに、彼自身の思想を啓示する。

> No such inspired creation is at unity
> with itself, any more than the clouds of heaven when the sun
> pierces through them.

 そうした霊感を得た創造は、決してそれ自体統一がとれているものではなく、
雲間から太陽が差すときの天上にたちこめる雲以上のものではないのだけれど。

> Every shade of light and dark, of
> truth, and of fiction which is the veil of truth, is
> allowable in a work of philosophical imagination.

 真実の光と影の、また、真実を覆い隠すフィクションのあらゆる陰影が、
哲学的想像力の作品の中に許容されている。

> It is not
> all on the same plane; it easily passes from ideas to myths
> and fancies, from facts to figures of speech.

 それが、その同じ平面にあるすべてではない。それは、容易に思想から神話
や幻想へと、事実から話の彩(あや)へと移る。

> It is not prose
> but poetry, at least a great part of it, and ought not to be
> judged by the rules of logic or the probabilities of history.

 それは、散文ではなく詩である。少なくともその大部分は。それだから、
論理と歴史の可能性によって判断されるべきではない。

> The writer is not fashioning his ideas into an artistic
> whole; they take possession of him and are too much for him.

 著者は、彼の思想を芸術的な統一へと変えようとしてはいない。それら(思
想)が彼を捉えて離さないのだが、彼にとっても大き過ぎるのだ。

> We have no need therefore to discuss whether a State such as
> Plato has conceived is practicable or not, or whether the
> outward form or the inward life came first into the mind of
> the writer.

 それ故、私たちは、プラトンが抱いていた国家が、実際的であるかどうかと
か、外の形式や内の生活が著者のこころの中にまず浮かんだのかどうかは、
議論する必要はない。

> For the practicability of his ideas has nothing
> to do with their truth; and the highest thoughts to which he
> attains may be truly said to bear the greatest "marks of
> design" --justice more than the external frame-work of the
> State, the idea of good more than justice.

 彼の思想の実行可能性は、その真実とは何ら関係はない。そして、彼が到達
した最も高い思想は、最も偉大な「構想の徴(しるし)」--国家の外的な枠組
みよりも正義、正義より善のイデア--であると真に言われうる。

> The great science
> of dialectic or the organization of ideas has no real
> content; but is only a type of the method or spirit in which
> the higher knowledge is to be pursued by the spectator of all
> time and all existence.

 論証学の偉大な学問や思想の構成は、決して現実的な内容を持っているので
はなく、より高度な知識があらゆる時代やあらゆる存在の傍観者によって追究
されるべき方法、あるいは精神の一つの型にすぎない。

> It is in the fifth, sixth, and
> seventh books that Plato reaches the "summit of speculation,"
> and these, although they fail to satisfy the requirements of
> a modern thinker, may therefore be regarded as the most
> important, as they are also the most original, portions of
> the work.

 プラトンが「思索の頂点」に達しているのは、第5,第6,第7書であり、
これらは、現代の思想家の要求を満足させることはできないが、それ故に、
彼の著作の中で、最も重要で、また最も独創的な部分であると見なすことがで
きる。

> ---終わり---