第五回テキスト

---はじめ---

　The division into books, like all similar divisions, is
probably later than the age of Plato. The natural divisions
are five in number; --(1) Book I and the first half of Book
II down to the paragraph beginning, "I had always admired the
genius of Glaucon and Adeimantus," which is introductory; the
first book containing a refutation of the popular and
sophistical notions of justice, and concluding, like some of
the earlier Dialogues, without arriving at any definite
result. To this is appended a restatement of the nature of
justice according to common opinion, and an answer is
demanded to the question --What is justice, stripped of
appearances? The second division (2) includes the remainder
of the second and the whole of the third and fourth books,
which are mainly occupied with the construction of the first
State and the first education. The third division (3)
consists of the fifth, sixth, and seventh books, in which
philosophy rather than justice is the subject of inquiry, and
the second State is constructed on principles of communism
and ruled by philosophers, and the contemplation of the idea
of good takes the place of the social and political virtues.
In the eighth and ninth books (4) the perversions of States
and of the individuals who correspond to them are reviewed in
succession; and the nature of pleasure and the principle of
tyranny are further analyzed in the individual man. The tenth
book (5) is the conclusion of the whole, in which the
relations of philosophy to poetry are finally determined, and
the happiness of the citizens in this life, which has now
been assured, is crowned by the vision of another.

---終わり---

> 第五回テキスト
>
> ---はじめ---
>
> 　The division into books, like all similar divisions, is
> probably later than the age of Plato.

　すべての同様の分割と同じように、数書への分割は、恐らく、プラトンの時代よ
り後のことであろう。

> The natural divisions
> are five in number; --(1) Book I and the first half of Book
> II down to the paragraph beginning, "I had always admired the
> genius of Glaucon and Adeimantus," which is introductory; the
> first book containing a refutation of the popular and
> sophistical notions of justice, and concluding, like some of
> the earlier Dialogues, without arriving at any definite
> result.

　自然な分割は、数では５になる。--(1)第一書と第二書の前半、紹介部分である
「私は、グラウコンとアデイマントスの天賦の才を常に称賛してきた。」で始まる
パラグラフまで。最初の書は、一般に広まっているソフィストの正義の概念の論破
を含み、いくつかの初期の対話編のように、何ら明確な結果に至ることなく結論付
けている。

> To this is appended a restatement of the nature of
> justice according to common opinion, and an answer is
> demanded to the question --What is justice, stripped of
> appearances?

　これに加えて、一般的な意見による正義の性質が再び述べられ、次の問に答えが
要求されている。--「外見（うわべ）の剥ぎ取られた正義とはなんぞや？」

> The second division (2) includes the remainder
> of the second and the whole of the third and fourth books,
> which are mainly occupied with the construction of the first
> State and the first education.

　第二の部分(2)は、第二書の残りと第三書と第四書の全体を含み、それは、主に、
最初の国家と最初の教育との建設で占められている。

> The third division (3)
> consists of the fifth, sixth, and seventh books, in which
> philosophy rather than justice is the subject of inquiry, and
> the second State is constructed on principles of communism
> and ruled by philosophers, and the contemplation of the idea
> of good takes the place of the social and political virtues.

　第三の部分(3)は、第五書、第六書、第七書からなり、そこでは、正義というよ
り哲学が探究のテーマとなっている。第二の国家がコミュニズムの原理に基づいて
建設され、哲学者たちによって支配される。そして、善のイデアの観想が社会政治
的徳の場を占める。

> In the eighth and ninth books (4) the perversions of States
> and of the individuals who correspond to them are reviewed in
> succession; and the nature of pleasure and the principle of
> tyranny are further analyzed in the individual man.

　第八書と第九書(4)では、国家の堕落とそれに対応する個人の堕落とが続いて再
検討される。さらに、享楽の性質と僭主政治の原理が、個人の人間の中で分析され
る。

> The tenth
> book (5) is the conclusion of the whole, in which the
> relations of philosophy to poetry are finally determined, and
> the happiness of the citizens in this life, which has now
> been assured, is crowned by the vision of another.

　第十書(5)は、全体の結論である。そこでは、哲学と詩との関係が最終的に決定
される。そして、この生活での市民の幸福は、今や確かなものとされているが、別
のヴィジョンで授けられる。

> ---終わり---